Detlef108: 2014

1. Sources: "Veda-Lakṣaṇa, Vedic Ancillary Literature, A Descriptive Bibliography" compiled by K.P. Aithal; "Vedāṅga Literature" by Prof. B.B. Chaubey

Montag, 24. November 2014

Śikṣā-Links

List of Śikṣā Texts
http://detlef108.blogspot.de/2014/11/list-of-siksa-texts.html

Peter Freund's Śhikṣhā site
http://vedicreserve.mum.edu/shiksha/shiksha_vedicreserve.html
http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/shiksha.html
http://peterffreund.com/manuscripts/Recent_Additions.html

Shiksha Sangraha
https://www.scribd.com/doc/204413206/Shiksha-Sangraha-Acharya-Ram-Prasad-Tripathi

Avasānanirṇaya-Śikṣā with commentary
Avasānanirṇaya-Śikṣā with Commentary (PDF)

Kramasandhāna-Śikṣā with commentary
Kramasandhāna-Śikṣā with Commentary (PDF)

Pāninīya Śikṣā
https://archive.org/details/PaniniyaShiksha

Pāṇinīya Śikṣā-English translation

Pāṇinīya Śikṣā (Albrecht Weber)
Indische Sudien, Vierter Band, 1858 (Seite 345-371)
https://play.google.com/books/reader?printsec=frontcover&output=reader&id=S8V3Rd-nKcIC&pg=GBS.PR3

Pluta-Śikṣā with commentary
Pluta-Śikṣā with Commentary (PDF)

Māṇḍavya-Śikṣā with commentary
http://www.detlef108.de/Mandavya-shiksha-with-commentary-T.pdf

Mādhyandina-Śikṣā with commentary
Māṇḍavya-Śikṣā with Commentary (PDF)

Yohiprāpti (Śikṣā) with translation and a new commentary
Yohi-Prāpti with Translation and Commentary (PDF)

Lakṣmīkānta Śikṣā or Catuḥślokī (1055) (KYV, TS); Critical edition with translation:
An Edition of the Lakṣmīkāntaśikṣā or the Varṇakramacatuśślokī

Laghumādhyandinīya-Śikṣā with Translation and Commentary
Laghumādhyandinīya-Śikṣā with Translation and Commentary (PDF)

Varṇocharaṇa Śikṣā
https://www.scribd.com/doc/82772173/Varnocharana-Shiksha-Sw-Dayananda-Saraswati

Vedaparibhāṣāsūtra-Śikṣā with Commentary
Vedaparibhāṣa-Sūtra-Śikṣā with Explanation of the Caturakṣarī Baiṭh Code (PDF)

Die Vyāsa Śikṣā besonders in ihrem Verhältnis zum Taittirīya Prātiśākhya (Heinrich Lüders), 1894
https://archive.org/details/dievysaikshbes00ld

Vyāsa Śikṣā with the commentary Vedataijasa
http://www.ibiblio.org/srimedia/ref1/Vyasa%20Siksha.pdf

Śamāna Śikṣā with commentary
Śamāna-Śikṣā with Commentary (PDF)

Śaunaka Śikṣā with translation and commentary
Śaunaka-Śikṣā with Translation and Commentary (PDF)

Sarvasaṁmata Śikṣā (Otto Franke), 1886
https://archive.org/details/diesarvasammata00franuoft

Svaravyanjana Śikṣā with commentary
Svaravyañjana-Śikṣā with Commentary (PDF)

Mittwoch, 19. November 2014

General Śikṣā

Pāṇinīya Śikṣā (857)
Vedanāsikā Śikṣā or Vedāṅganāsikā Śikṣā (1168) (names of the Pāṇinīya Śikṣā in some Mss.)

Śikṣās related to Ṛgveda

Mādhusūdanī Śikṣā (949) (= Aṣṭa-vikṛti-vivṛti (123))
Vyāla Śikṣā (1247)
Vyāli Śikṣā (1) (1248) (= Aṣṭa-vikṛti-vivṛti (123))
Vyāli Śikṣā (2) (1249)
Śamāna Śikṣā (= Ṛksarva-śamāna (239); manuscripts MD 977?&978 call it Śamāna Śikṣā)
Śaiśirīya Śikṣā (1325)
Śaunaka or Śaunakīya Śikṣā (1328)
Svaravyañjana Śikṣā (1565)
Svarāṅkuśa (Śikṣā) or Svaranirṇaya (1584)
Hayagrīva Śikṣā (1602) (=Jaṭā-paṭala (599); generally attributed to Hayagrīva)

Śikṣās related to Sāmaveda

Gautama or Gautamī(-ya) Śikṣā (526)
Nārada or Nāradīya Śikṣā (755)
Lomaśa(śī) Śikṣā (1067)
Sāmaveda Śikṣā (1472) (*)

Śikṣās related to Śukla-Yajurveda

Amareśa Śikṣā (77) or Varṇaratnapradīpikā Śikṣā (1099)
Amoghānandinī Śikṣā (1) (79) (130 verses)
Amoghānandinī Śikṣā (2) (80) (57 verses)
Avasānanirṇaya Śikṣā (107)
Kātyāyana (ī) Śikṣā (453) (13 verses)
Kātyāyana (ī) Śikṣā (454) (11 verses)
Keśava (vī) Śikṣā (467) (Gloss on 9 Sūtras called Paribhāṣāṅka Sūtra)
Keśava (vī) Padyātmikā Śikṣā (468)
Kauśikī Śikṣā (478)
Kramakārikā Śikṣā (482) (also called Kāṇva Śikṣā (446))
Kramasaṁdhāna (Śikṣā) (506)
Galadṛk Śikṣā or Luptark Śikṣā (514) (= second part of Mādhyandinī Śikṣā (972))
Pārāśarī Śikṣā (869)
Prātiśākhyapradīpa Śikṣā (908)
Manaḥsvāra Śikṣā (951)
Mallaśarma Śikṣā or Hastasvaraprakriyā (957)
Māṇḍavya (vī) Śikṣā (958)
Mādhyandinī(ya) Śikṣā (972)
Yājñavalkya Śikṣā (1026) (also called Vājasaneyi Śikṣā in a few Mss.)
Laghumādhyandinīya Śikṣā (1060)
Laghvamoghānandinī Śikṣā (1064)
Varṇaratnapradīpikā Śikṣā (1099) or Amareśa Śikṣā (77)
Vāsiṣṭhī Śikṣā (1137)
Vedaparibhāṣākārikā Śikṣā (1174)
Vedaparibhāṣāsūtra Śikṣā (1176) (=Baiṭhasaṁjñakaprakaraṇa (937)
Ṣoḍaśaśloka Śikṣā (1338) (RV? or KYV?)
Saṁpradāyaprabodhinī Śikṣā (1401) (*)
Svarabhaktilakṣaṇa (pariśiṣṭa) Śikṣā (1539)
Svarāṣṭaka Śikṣā (1599)

Śikṣās related to Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda

Ātreya Śikṣā (1) (139) (27 verses)
Ātreya Śikṣā (2) (141) (294 verses)
Āpiśali Śikṣā (-Sūtra) (147)
Āraṇya (ka) Śikṣā (152)
Kālanirṇaya Śikṣā (460)
Kauṇḍinya Śikṣā (1) (472) (100 verses)
Kauṇḍinya Śikṣā (2) (473) (86 verses)
Kauhalīya or Kauhala Śikṣā (479)
Cārāyaṇīya Śikṣā (550)
Bhāradvāja Śikṣā (943)
Pāri Śikṣā (870)
Pluta Śikṣā (917)
Yohiprāpti (Śikṣā) (1027)
Lakṣmīkānta Śikṣā or Catuḥślokī (1055)
Lakṣmīkānta Śikṣā (1056) (= Uccasvaranirṇaya (178); Svara Śikṣā (1569))
Laugākṣi Śikṣā (1068) (= Śikhyā Pāṭha (1287))
Vararuci Śikṣā (1069)
Vāsiṣṭha Śikṣā (1) (1135) (on the doubling of consonants)
Vāsiṣṭha Śikṣā (2) (1136)
Veda Śikṣā (1215)
Vyāsa Śikṣā (1250)
Śambhu Śikṣā (1204)
Śikṣāsamuccaya (1303) (*)
Śyāmāyanīya Śikṣā (1332)
Sarvasaṃmata Śikṣā (1409)
Svarasārabhūtavarṇa Śikṣā (1085; catalogued as Varṇa-Krama-Lakṣaṇam, Mysore P4772/22)
Siddhānta Śikṣā (1493)
Svara Śikṣā (1570)

Śikṣās related to Atharvaveda

Māṇḍukī Śikṣā (959)

Other Śikṣās

Atharva(ṇa) Śikṣā (27) (*)
Aniṅgya Śikṣā (40) (*)
Ācarya Śikṣā (138) (*)
Krama Śikṣā (502) (*)
Jaṭāmaṇi Śikṣā (609) (*)
Dvādaśa Śikṣā (720) (*)
Piṇḍalakṣaṇa Śikṣā (877) (*)
Varṇa Śikṣā (edited by Peter Freund)
Varṇaśikṣāsaṁhitā (1103) (*)
Varṇoccāraṇa Śikṣā (1112) (It includes the supposed Sūtra version of the Pāṇinīya Śikṣā) (*)
Śaṁkara Śikṣā (1252) (*)
Samāsa Śikṣā (1400) (*)
Sarvaśikṣāsaṁgraha (1407) (*)
Svaravigrahaśikṣābhāṣya (1559) (*)

Śikṣās not yet discovered

Agastya Śikṣā (8)
Audavraji Śikṣā ?
Bodhāyana Śikṣā (939) (KYV)
Plākṣi Śikṣā (913)
Vālmīki Śikṣā (1134) (KYV)
Hārīta Śikṣā (1613) (KYV)

Lists of Śikṣākāras and works on Vedalakṣaṇa

Vedalakṣaṇānukramaṇikā (1207) (*)
Śikṣādivedāṅgasūcī (1284)

Notes:

1. Source: "Veda-Lakṣaṇa, Vedic Ancillary Literature, A Descriptive Bibliography" compiled by K.P. Aithal

2. Only those texts have been included which are generally or occasionally called Śikṣā.

3. Links:
http://detlef108.blogspot.de/2014/11/siksa-links.html

All Śikṣās except those marked with (*) are available on
https://vedicreserve.miu.edu/shiksha/shiksha_vedicreserve.html
http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/shiksha.html
http://peterffreund.com/manuscripts/Recent_Additions.html

Dienstag, 11. November 2014

Sha-pronounced as-Kha

In the Mādhyandina Śākhā of Śukla-Yajurveda the retroflex ṣ is pronounced as kh. Example: puruṣaḥ is pronounced as purukhaḥ. Exceptions: kṣ, ṣṭ, ṣṭh and ṣṇ. Examples: rakṣaḥ, traiṣṭubhena, śreṣṭhaḥ, kṛṣṇaḥ.

Video: Sha_as_Kha

Pratijñā-sūtra:

18. (2.7) atho mūrdhanyoṣmaṇo 'saṁyuktasya ṭum ṛte saṁyuktasya ca khakāroccāraṇam |
Einzelnstehendes, oder mit andern Konsonanten als Lingualen verbundenes ṣ ist als kh zu sprechen. — Also ikhe tvā (1.1), bibharkhy astave (16.1), śukhkyāya.

19. kṣakāre ṣakāravat |
In kṣa ist es als ṣ zu sprechen.

20. kakārayoge khakāroccāraṇābhāva iti niyamas tu na |
Das Verbot der Aussprache als kh gilt jedoch nicht wenn ṣ mit k verbunden wird (d. i. k hinter ṣ tritt, wie in śuṣkam).

Links:
Über ein zum weissen Yajus gehöriges phonetisches Compendium, das Pratijnâsûtra – Albrecht Weber
Shatapatha Brahmanam - 5, page 322, Vedamu
http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/pratijna_sutra.html
http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/pratijna_sutram.pdf

Keśavī Padyātmikā Śikṣā

asaṁyyuktasya mūrddhanyoṣmaṇaḥ khoccāraṇaṁ matam |
ṭumṛte saṁyyuktasyāpi sasya yoga ṣa eva hi ||14||
chandasīty eva khoccāro loka prakṛtir iṣyate | (loke?)

http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/keshavi_padyatmika_shiksha.html

Keśavī Śikṣā

ṣaḥ khaṣ ṭum ṛte ca ||3||

http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/keshava_shiksha.html

Laghumādhyandinīya-śikṣā

atha śikṣāṁ pravakṣyāmi mādhyandinamatam̐y yathā |
ṣakārasya khakāraḥ syāṭ ṭukayoge tu no bhavet ||1||
iṣe lakṣyaṁ kṛṣṇa 'ukṣā samudraḥ pratyudāhṛtiḥ |

http://peterffreund.com/shiksha/laghumadhyandina_shiksha.html

Sonntag, 2. November 2014

Vedalakṣaṇānukramaṇikā

Vedalakṣaṇānukramaṇikā

prātiśākhyaṁ saṁhitāyāḥ śamānaṁ naparaṁ tathā |
taparaṁ pragrahaś caiva kurukī ca vilaṅghyakam ||1||
iṅgyāniṅgyam avarṇī ca āvarṇī plutam eva ca |
raṅgaplutaṁ purvadīrgha ubhayottaradīrghakau ||2||
yaṇdīrghau yohitabhāṣyaṁ ca tathā rāvaṇabheṭ u ca |
varṇakramaṁ jaṭāvallī trikramaṁ cāntyaveṣṭanam ||3||
svarapañcāśataṁ caiva ṣaḍviṁśatisūtrakam |
śākhāśamānam aruṇaśamānaṁ saviśeṣataḥ ||4||

atha navaśikṣāḥ --
bhāradvāja-vyāsa-śaṁbhu-pāṇini-kauhalīyakam |
bodhāyano vasiṣṭhaś ca vālmīkir hāritaṁ nava ||5||
sarvasaṁmatam āraṇyaṁ tathā siddhāntam eva ca |
upaśikṣā imāḥ proktā lakṣaṇajñānakovidaiḥ ||6||

saptalakṣaṇanāmāni --
śamānaṁ ca vilaṅghyaṁ ca naparaṁ taparaṁ tathā |
avarṇy āvarṇy aniṅgyāntaṁ saptalakṣaṇam ucyete ||7||

vedoccaraṇakramaḥ --
gītī śīghrī śiraḥkampī tathā likhitapāṭhakaḥ |
anarthajño 'lpakaṇṭhaś ca ṣaḍ ete pāṭhakādhamāḥ ||8||

(pāṇini-śikṣā 32, yājñavalkya-śikṣā, śaiśirīya-śikṣā)

mādhuryam akṣaravyaktiḥ padacchedas tu susvaraḥ |
dhairyaṁ layanamarthaś ca (?) ṣaḍ ete pāṭhakā guṇāḥ ||9||

(pāṇini-śikṣā 33: layasamarthaṁ ca; yājñavalkya-śikṣā: layasamatvaṁ ca ; śaiśirīya-śikṣā: dhairyaṁ laghusamāyuktaṁ ṣaḍete pāṭhake guṇāḥ; gautamī-śikṣā, cārāyaṇīya-śikṣā:
mādhuryam akṣaravyaktiḥ padacchedas tathātvaraḥ
dhairyo gurulaghutvaṁ ca ṣaḍete pāṭhake guṇāḥ)

upāṁśu daṣṭaṁ tvaritaṁ nirastaṁ vilambitaṁ gadgaditaṁ pragītam |
niṣpīḍitaṁ grastapadākṣaraṁ ca vaden na dīnaṁ na tu sānunāsike ||10||

(pāṇini-śikṣā 35: sānunāsyam)

vyāghrī yathā haret putraṁ daṁṣṭrābhyāṁ na tu pīḍayet |
bhītā patanabhedābhyāṁ tadvad varṇān prayojayet ||11||

(gautamī-śikṣā 4, cārāyaṇīya-śikṣā: 4: yathā vyāghrī haret putraṁ daṁṣṭrābhir na ca pīḍayet; nāradīya-śikṣā 31, yājñavalkya-śikṣā, śaiśirīya-śikṣā: yathā vyāghrī haret putrān daṁṣṭrābhir na ca pīḍayet; pāṇini-śikṣā 25: putrāṇ, na ca pīḍayet; sarvasaṁmata-śikṣā 89)

hastahīnaṁ tu yo 'dhīte svaravarṇavivarjitam |
ṛgyajuḥsāmabhir dagdho viyonim adhigacchati ||12||

(pāṇini-śikṣā 54; mallaśarma-śikṣā 5; yājñavalkya-śikṣā 39; śaiśirīya-śikṣā; sarvasaṁmata-śikṣā 93: svaravarṇārthavarjitam; svara-śikṣā 34: svaravarṇaṁ vivarjitam)

hastena vedaṁ yo 'dhīte svaravarṇārthasaṁyutam |
ṛgyajuḥsāmabhiḥ pūto brahmabhūyāya kalpate ||13||

(pāṇini-śikṣā 55, sarvasaṁmata-śikṣā 96, svara-śikṣā 35: brahmaloke mahīyate)

anakṣaram anāyuṣyam asvaraṁ vyādhipīḍitam |
akṣaraḥ śastrarūpeṇa vajraṁ patati mastake ||14||

(pāṇini-śikṣā 53: avakṣaram anāyuṣyaṁ visvaraṁ vyādhipīḍitam | akṣatā śastrarūpeṇa; veda-śikṣā 4: visvaraṁ, akṣarāḥ)

yathā saurāṣṭrikā nārī takrām̐ ity abhibhāṣate |
evaṁ raṅgāḥ prayoktavyā nigamābhyāsasūribhiḥ ||15||

(nāradīyā śikṣā 4.9: prayoktavyo nāradasya mataṁ yathā; pāṇini-śikṣā 26: prayoktavyāḥ khe arām̐ iva khedayā; māṇḍukī 113: nārī arām̐, prayoktavyāṅakāraparivarjitāḥ; yājñavalkya-śikṣā: nārī arām̐, evaṁ raṅgaṁ vijānīyāt ṅakāraparivarjitam; śaiśirīya-śikṣā: ity abhidhīyate, prayoktavyāḥ khe arām̐ iva śvedayā)

udātto brahmajātiḥ syān nīco rājanya ucyete |
svarito vaiśyajātis tu pracayaḥ śūdrajātikaḥ ||16||

(sarvasaṁmata-śikṣā 81: rājñaḥ sa ucyate, vaiśyajātiś ca pracayaḥ śūdra īritaḥ )
samāpteyaṁ vedalakṣaṇānukramaṇikā ||

Link:
Veda-Lakṣana - A Descripive Bibliography - K.P. Aithal

Freitag, 8. August 2014

Prakriti-Vikriti-Purusha

25 = 8 + 16 + 1

25:   Tattvas of Sāṁkhya
8 : Prakṛtis
16:   Vikṛitis
1:     Neither Prakṛti nor Vikṛti

25 = 1 + 7 + 16 +1

25:   Tattvas of Sāṁkhya
1: Prakṛti without being Vikṛti
7 : Prakṛtis which are Vikṛtis too.
16:   Vikṛitis
1:     Neither Prakṛti nor Vikṛti

25 = 1 + 23 + 1

25:   Tattvas of Sāṁkhya
1: Prakṛti without being Vikṛti
23:   Vikṛtis
1:     Neither Prakṛti nor Vikṛti

Mūla-Prakṛti or Avyakta (P)
   Mahat or Buddhi (P, V)
       Ahaṁkāra (P, V)
           5 Jñānendrīyas (V)
           5 Karmendrīyas (V)
           Manas (V)
           5 Tanmātras (P, V)
                5 Mahābhūtas (V)
Puruṣa (neither P nor V)

Notes:

1. Prakṛti (P): original or primary substance; Nature; pl. the 8 producers or primary essences which evolve the whole visible world (viz. a-vyakta , buddhi or mahat , ahaṁ-kāra , and the 5 tan-mātras or subtle elements)

2. Vikṛti (V): modification; (in sāṁkhya) a production or derivative from prakṛti

3. Īśvarakṛṣṇa's Sāṁkhyakārikā

mūlaprakṛtir avikṛtir mahadādyāḥ prakṛtivikṛtayaḥ sapta |
ṣoḍaśakas tu vikāro na prakṛtir na vikṛtiḥ puruṣaḥ || 3 ||

Mūlaprakṛti is not a product; the seven mahat etc. are prakṛti (producers) and products;
sixteen are products only; puruṣa is neither prakṛti nor product.

Commentary:
seven mahat etc.:   mahat (P, V), ahaṁkāra (P, V), 5 tanmātras (P, V)
sixteen: 5 jñānendrīyas (V), 5 karmendrīyas (V), manas (V), 5 mahābhūtas (V)

Why is ahaṁkāra prakṛti? It produces 5 jñānendrīyas (V), 5 karmendrīyas (V), manas (V), and 5 tanmātras (P, V). Why is ahaṁkāra vikṛti? It is a product produced from mahat.

4. Tattvasamāsa

aṣṭau prakṛtayaḥ || 1 ||
ṣoḍaśa vikārāḥ || 2 ||
puruṣaḥ || 3 ||

Commentary (Tattvasamāsasūtravṛtti) on Tattvasamāsa 1:
atha kā aṣṭau prakṛtaya ity atrocyate |
avyaktaṃ buddhir ahaṁkāraḥ pañca tanmātrāṇīty etā aṣṭau prakṛtayaḥ

Commentary on Tattvasamāsa 2:
atha te ke ṣoḍaśavikārā ity atrocyate |
ekādaśendriyāṇi pañca mahābhūtāny ete ṣoḍaśavikārāḥ |

tatrendriyāṇi tāvad ucyante |
śrotraṃ tvak cakṣuṣī jihvā ghrāṇam iti pañca buddhīndriyāṇi |
śrotraṃ svaviṣayaṃ śabdaṃ gṛhṇāti tvak sparśaviṣayaṃ cakṣū rūpaviṣayaṃ rasanā rasaviṣayaṃ ghrāṇaṃ gandhaviṣayam iti |

vākpāṇipādapāyūpasthākhyāni pañca karmendriyāṇi svaṃ svaṃ karma kurvanti |
tatra vāg vacanam uccarati |
hastau karma kurutaḥ |
pādau viharaṇam |
pāyur visargam |
upastham ānandam |

ubhayātmakaṃ manaḥ |
svasaṃkalpavikalpavṛttī kurute |
evam ekādaśendriyāṇi vyākhyātāni |

5. Kapila Sāṁkhyasūtra 1.61

sattvarajastamasāṁ sāmyāvasthā prakṛtiḥ prakṛter mahān mahāto 'haṅkāro 'haṅkārāt pañcatanmātrāṇy ubhayam indriyaṁ tanmātrebhyaḥ sthūlabhūtāni puruṣa iti pañcaviṁśatir gaṇaḥ | 1.61 |

6. Bhagavad-Gītā 7.4-5

bhūmir āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ khaṁ mano buddhir eva ca |
ahaṁkāra itīyaṁ me bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā || 7.4 ||

Earth, water, fire, air, space, mind, intellect and ego – this is My Prakṛti divided eightfold.

Śaṅkara's Bhāṣya

bhūmiḥ pṛthivī-tanmātram ucyate, na sthūlā | bhinnā prakṛtir aṣṭadhā iti vacanāt | tathāb-ādayo 'pi tanmātrāṇy eva ucyante - āpo 'nalo vāyuḥ kham | mana iti manasaḥ kāraṇam ahaṃkāro gṛhyate | buddhir ity ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ mahat-tattvam | ahaṃkāra ity avidyā-saṃyuktam avyaktam | yathā viṣa-saṃyuktam annaṃ viṣam ity ucyate, evam ahaṃkāra-vāsanāvad avyaktaṃ mūla-kāraṇam ahaṃkāra ity ucyate, pravartakatvāt ahaṃkārasya | ahaṃkāra eva hi sarvasya pravṛtti-bījaṃ dṛṣṭaṃ loke | itīyaṃ yathoktā prakṛtir me mamaiśvarī māyā-śaktir aṣṭadhā bhinnā bhedam āgatā ||

English Translation of Shankaras Commentary - Swami Gambhirananda:

Iyam, this; Prakṛtih, Prakṛti, the divine power called Māyā; me, of Mine, as described; bhinna, is divided; aṣṭadhā, eight-fold; iti, thus: bhūmih, earth – not the gross earth but the subtle element called earth, this being understood from the statement, 'Prakṛti (of Mine) is divided eight-fold'. Similarly, the subtle elements alone are referred to even by the words water etc. Āpaḥ, water; analaḥ, fire; vāyuḥ, air; kham, space; manaḥ, mind. By 'mind' is meant its source, egoism. By buddhiḥ, intellect, is meant the principle called mahat which is the source of egoism. By ahaṁkāraḥ, egoism, is meant the Unmanifest, associated with (Cosmic) ignorance. As food mixed with poison is called poison, similarly the Unmanifest, which is the primordial Cause, is called egoism since it is imbued with the impressions resulting from egoism; and egoism is the impelling force (of all). It is indeed seen in the world that egoism is the impelling cause behind all endeavour.

apareyam itas tv anyāṁ prakṛtiṁ viddhi me parām |
jīvabhūtām mahābāho yayedaṁ dhāryate jagat || 7.5 ||

This is my non-transcendent Nature; other than this is My transcendent Nature. Know it be consciousness in all beings by which the universe is sustained, O Mighty-Armed, and which becomes the Jīva.

Śaṅkara's Bhāṣya

aparā na parā nikṛṣṭāśuddhānartha-karī saṃsāra-bandhanātmikeyam | ito 'syāḥ yathoktāyās tv anyāṃ viśuddhāṃ prakṛtiṃ mamātma-bhūtāṃ viddhi me parāṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ jīva-bhūtāṃ kṣetrajña-lakṣaṇāṃ prāṇa-dhāraṇa-nimitta-bhūtāṃ he mahābāho, yayā prakṛtyedaṃ dhāryate jagad antaḥ-praviṣṭayā ||

English Translation of Shankara‘s Commentary - Swami Gambhirananda:

O mighty-armed one, iyam, this; is apara, the inferior (Prakṛti) – not the higher, (but) – the impure, the source of evil and having the nature of worldly bondage. Viddhi, know; anyām, the other, pure; prakṛtim, Prakṛti; me, of Mine, which is essentially Myself; which, tu, however; is parām, higher, more exalted; itaḥ, than this (Prakṛti) already spoken of; Jīva-bhūtam, which has taken the form of the individual souls, which is characterized as 'the Knower of the body (field)' (kṣetrajña), and which is the cause of sustenance of life; and yayā, by which Prakṛti; idam, this; jagat, world; dhāryate, is upheld, by permeating it.

7. Bhagavad-Gītā 13.5-6

mahā-bhūtāny ahaṁkāro buddhir avyaktam eva ca |
indriyāṇi daśaikaṁ ca pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ ||13.5||

Śaṅkara's Bhāṣya

mahā-bhūtāni mahānti ca tāni sarva-vikāra-vyāpakatvād bhūtāni ca sūkṣmāṇi | sthūlāni tv indriya-gocara-śabdenābhidhāyiṣyante | ahaṃkāro mahā-bhūta-kāraṇam ahaṃ-pratyaya-lakṣaṇaḥ | ahaṃkāra-kāraṇaṃ buddhir adhyavasāya-lakṣaṇā | tat-kāraṇam avyaktam eva ca, na vyaktam avyaktam avyākṛtam īśvara-śaktir mama māyā duratyayā ity uktam | eva-śabdaḥ prakṛty-avadhāraṇārtha etāvaty evāṣṭadhā bhinnā prakṛtiḥ | ca-śabdo bheda-samuccayārthaḥ | indriyāṇi daśa, śrotrādīni pañca buddhy-utpādakatvād buddhīndriyāṇi | vāk-pāṇy-ādīni pañca karma-nirvartakatvāt karmendriyāṇi | tāni daśa | ekaṃ ca | kiṃ tat ? mana ekādaśaṃ saṃkalpādyātmakam | pañca cendriya-gocarāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ | tāny etāni sāṃkhyāś catur-viṃśati-tattvāny ācakṣate ||

icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ saṃghātaś cetanā dhṛtiḥ |
etat kṣetraṃ samāsena sa-vikāram udāhṛtam ||BhG_13.6||

8. Caraka Saṁhitā, Śarīrasthāna

khādīni buddhir avyaktam ahaṁkāras tathāṣṭamaḥ |
bhūtaprakṛtir uddiṣṭā vikārāś caiva ṣoḍaśa ||1.63||

buddhīndriyāṇi pañcaiva pañca karmendriyāṇi ca |
samanaskāś ca pañcārthā vikārā iti saṁjñitāḥ ||1.64||

Mittwoch, 23. Juli 2014

Dignity of Grahas

Table 1: Dignity of Grahas (Natural Relationships)

Table 2: Mūlatrikoṇa

	1	2	5	6	7	9	11
Sy			M20,O
Ch		Ex3,M
Ma	M12,O
Bu				Ex15,M5,O
Gu						M10,O
Sk					M15,O
Sa							M20,O

Table 3: Temporary Friendship/Enmity between Graha and Lord of Rāshi

1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th	11th	12th
E	F	F	F	E	E	E	E	E	F	F	F

(12th, F)

Table 4: Combined Relationship

	Temporary F	Temporary E
Natural F	BF	N
Natural N	F	E
Natural E	N	BE

Abbreviations:

Sy: Sūrya, Ch: Chandra, Ma: Mangal, Bu: Budh, Gu: Guru, Sk: Shukra, Sa: Shani

BE: Big Enemy, BF: Big Friend, De: Debilitated, E: Enemy, Ex: Exalted, F: Friend, M: Mūlatrikoṇa, N: Neutral, O: Own sign

Notes (table 1):
1. Sūrya in rāshi 2 (E): The lord of 2 is Shukra who is an natural enemy of Sūrya.
2. Chandra in rāshi 1 (N): The lord of 1 is Mangal who is neutral towards Chandra.
3. Mangal in rāshi 9 (F): The lord of 9 is Guru who is a natural friend of Mangal.

Notes (table 2):
1. For Chandra in rāshi 2 (Ex3,M) the first 3 degrees are exaltation zone and the remaining 27 degrees Mūlatrikoṇa.
2. For Budh in rāshi 6 (Ex15,M5,O) the first 15 degrees are exaltation zone, the next 5 degrees Mūlatrikoṇa and the last 10 degrees are own house.

Notes (table 3):
1. The lord of the rāshi placed in the 2^nd, 3^rd, 4^th, 10^th, 11^th, 12^th from the Graha becomes a temporary friend. Otherwise he becomes a temporary enemy.

2. Guru in sign 7: The lord of 7 is Shukra. If Shukra is placed in signs 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 then Shukra becomes a temporary friend of Guru.

Notes (table 4):
1. Sūrya in sign 9: The lord of 9 is Guru who is a natural friend of Sūrya. If Guru is placed in signs 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 then Guru becomes a temporary friend of Sūrya. In the combined relationship Guru becomes a big friend of Sūrya.
2. Shani in sign 4: The lord of 4 is Chandra who is a natural enemy of Shani. If for example Chandra is placed in sign 9, then Chandra becomes a temporary enemy of Shani. In the combined relationship Chandra becomes a big enemy of Shani.

Bṛhat-Parāśara-Hora-Śāstra

Chapter 3

meṣo vṛṣo mṛgaḥ kanyā karko mīnas tathā tulā |
sūryādīnāṁ kramād ete kathitā ucca-rāśayaḥ || 49||

bhāgā daśa trayo 'ṣṭāśvyas tithyo 'kṣā bhamitā nakhāḥ |
uccāt saptama-bhaṁ nīcaṁ tair evāṁśaiḥ prakīrtitam || 50||

raveḥ simhe nakhāṁśāś ca trikoṇam apare svabham |
uccam indor vṛṣe tryaṁśās trikoṇam apare 'ṁśakāḥ || 51||

meṣe 'rkāṁśās tu bhaumasya trikoṇam apare svabham |
uccaṁ budhasya kanyāyām uktaṁ pañcadaśāṁśakāḥ || 52||

tataḥ pañcāṁśakāḥ proktaṁ trikoṇam apare svabham |
cāpe daśāṁśā jīvasya trikoṇam apare svabham || 53||

tule śukrasya tithyaṁśās trikoṇam apare svabham |
śaneḥ kumbhe nakhāṁśāś ca trikoṇam apare svabham || 54||

trikoṇāt svāt sukha-svāntya-dhī-dharmāyuḥ-svatuṅga-pāḥ |
suhṛdo ripavaś cānye samāś cobhaya-lakṣaṇāḥ || 55||

daśa-bandhv-āya-sahaja-svāntya-sthās tu parasparam |
tatkāle mitratāṁ yānti ripavo 'nyatra saṁsthitāḥ || 56||

tatkāle ca nisarge ca mitraṁ ced adhimitrakam |
mitraṁ mitra-samatve tu śatruḥ śatru-samatvake || 57||

samo mitra-riputve tu śatrutve tv adhiśatrutā |
evaṁ vivicya daivajño jātakasya phalaṁ vadet || 58||

svocce śubhaṁ phalaṁ pūrṇaṁ trikoṇe pādavarjitam |
svarkṣe 'rdhaṁ mitragehe tu pādamātraṁ prakīrtitam ||59||

pādārdhaṁ samabhe proktaṁ śūnyaṁ nīcāstaśatrubhe |
tadvad duṣṭaphalaṁ brūyad vyatyayena vicakṣaṇaḥ || 60||

Chapter 47

rāhos tu vṛṣabhaṁ ketor vṛścikaṁ tuṅgasaṃjñakam |

mūlatrikoṇakaṁ jñeyaṃ yugmaṁ cāpaṁ krameṇa ca ||35||

kumbhālī ca gṛhau proktau kanyāmīnau ca kenacit |

Rāhu exalted in 2, mūlatrikoṇa in 3, own house in 10

Ketu exalted in 8, mūlatrikoṇa in 9, own house in 8

Some say own house of Rāhu is 6 and own house of Ketu is 12

Donnerstag, 27. November 2014

Vedalakṣaṇa

Dienstag, 25. November 2014

Prātiśākhyas

Prātiśākhyas related to Ṛgveda

Prātiśākhyas related to Sāmaveda

Prātiśākhyas related to Śukla-Yajurveda

Prātiśākhyas related to Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda

Prātiśākhyas related to Atharvaveda