1. Classical Sanskrit Alphabet
16 Svara-s (vowels including anusvāra and visarga)
25 Sparśa-s (stop consonants of the 5 varga-s)
4 Antaḥstha-s (semi-vowels)
4 Ūṣman-s (fricatives) (3 sibilants and ha)
Total number of letters: 16 + 33 (25 + 4 + 4) = 49
2. Vedic Sanskrit Alphabet (Vājasaneyi Prātiśākhya, ŚYV)
23 Svara-s (vowels)
25 Sparśa-s (stop consonants of the 5 varga-s)
क ख ग घ ङ ka kha ga gha ṅa
च छ ज झ ञ ca cha ja jha ña
ट ठ ड ढ ण ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
त थ द ध न ta tha da dha na
प फ ब भ म pa pha ba bha ma
4 Antaḥstha-s (semi-vowels)
4 Ūṣman-s (fricatives) (3 sibilants and ha)
9 Ayogavāha-s
Total number of letters: 23 + 33 (25 + 4 + 4) + 9 = 65
3. Vedic Sanskrit Alphabet (Taittirīya Prātiśākhya, Vaidikabharaṇa, Yājuṣabhūṣaṇa, Ātreya Śikṣā, KYV)
16 Svara-s (vowels)
25 Sparśa-s (stop consonants of the 5 varga-s)
क ख ग घ ङ ka kha ga gha ṅa
च छ ज झ ञ ca cha ja jha ña
ट ठ ड ढ ण ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
त थ द ध न ta tha da dha na
प फ ब भ म pa pha ba bha ma
4 Antaḥstha-s (semi-vowels)
6 Ūṣman-s (fricatives)
8
अः aḥ (visarga), अं aṁ (anusvāra), ळ ḷa, 5 nāsikya-s [nāsikya, 4 yama-s)]
Total number of letters: 16 + 25 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 59
4. Vedic Sanskrit Alphabet (Ṛgveda Prātiśākhya)
12 + 2 Svara-s (vowels)
25 Sparśa-s (stop consonants of the 5 varga-s)
क ख ग घ ङ ka kha ga gha ṅa
च छ ज झ ञ ca cha ja jha ña
ट ठ ड ढ ण ṭa ṭha ḍa ḍha ṇa
त थ द ध न ta tha da dha na
प फ ब भ म pa pha ba bha ma
4 Antaḥstha-s (semi-vowels)
8 Ūṣman-s (fricatives)
ह ha, श śa, ष ṣa, स sa, अः aḥ (visarga), ẖka ( jihvāmulīya), ḫpa (upadhmānīya), अं aṁ (anusvāra)
2 additional letters
ळ ḷa, ळ्ह ḷha
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